WannaCry - Ransomware Attack

The attacks, which see a virus encrypt a computers files and demand payment in bitcoin to de-code them.

It affects to only computers powered by Microsoft Windows. It will not affect Mac, iPhone or Android. If you're running a Windows-powered PC, make sure all your software is up to date

How can we avoid this problem?

1.       Do not open suspicious emails

2.       Do not open on links you don't know

3.       Don't en any files you weren't expecting

4.       Make sure software is up to date

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தமிழ் தட்டசு - Tamil Typing

தமிழ் தட்டச்சு - பொனடிக் யுனிக்கோட்

NHM Writer Link | Direct Download

தமிழ் தட்டச்சு - பாமினி

Direct Download

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Free Antivirus Software - 2017

1.       Bitdefender Antivirus Free Edition

2.       Avira Antivirus

3.       Avast Free Antivirus

4.       AVG Free Antivirus

5.       Kaspersky Lab Internet Security 2017

6.       Sophos Home Free Antivirus

7.       Panda Free Antivirus

8.       Comodo Antivirus

9.       Check Point ZoneAlarm Free Antivirus + Firewall

10.   Microsoft Windows Defender

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UEFI vs. traditional BIOS firmware

UEFI: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

BIOS: Basic Input/output System

The advantages of UEFI

·         A powerful pre-boot environment capable of running applications

·         Modular design

·         CPU-independent architecture (Itanium, x86, x86-64, ARM Arch32, Arm Arch64)

·         BIOS interface compatibility and legacy booting

·         The ability to boot from disks larger than 2TiB (note the difference between 2TB and 2TiB)

MBR: Master Boot Record

GPT: GUID Partition Table

ESP: EFI System Partition

The legacy BIOS systems are only able to boot from MBR partition tables (there are exceptions, but this is generally a rule) and the MBR specification can only address up to 2TiB of disk space, which results in a BIOS system only being able to boot from disks of 2TiB or smaller.

Other disadvantages of MBR formatted disks include a limited number of bootable partitions and a single pointer to a bootloader/boot manager.

The GPT specification allowed the disks of significantly larger size (several orders of magnitude, up to Zettabytes in size) due to its larger bit allotment for partition addressing, 64B instead of the 16B used by MBR. GPT can partition disks of varying sizes depending on the sector size. This is due GPT addressing sectors as opposed to individual bits or bytes.

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We have C Drive on Computer. But we don’t have A & B WHY?

Because the initial state of the computer we had two difference small size capacity of floppy disk 5.25inch [1.2MB] and 3.5 inch [1.44MB]. We named those are A and B. Then we got permanent default high capacity drive. We named that as C Drive.

Floppy Disk Storage:

Invention in 1967.

After 1980 we avoided to use floppy disks. 

Types of drives include

·         1.44 MB 3.5 inch drive

·         2.88 MB 3.5 inch drive

·         720KB 3.5 inch drive

·         1.2 MB 5.25 inch drive

·         360KB 5.25 inch drive

·         80KB 8 inch drive

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3com Switch Initial Configuration

3com Switch Configuration :

step 1 : system-view (change user mode)

step 2 : sysname deptname-4210 (give the name for the switch)

step 3 : interface vlan-interface 1 (add ip to the switch)

ip   address    192.168.1.63    255.255.255.0

step 4 :  quit

step 5 :  display   brief   interfaces

interface  ethernet  1/0/1

port    access   vlan    1113

step 6 : interface fastethernet     1/0/25  ( we need consider 25,26,27,28)

port     link-type     trunk

port    trunk     permit    vlan    1113

port    trunk     permit    vlan    1213

port    trunk     permit    vlan    1301

undo shutdown

discrption uplinkport

step 7 : local-user admin

password cisco

save

step 8 : display   brief   interfaces

system-view

display version

display   currentconfiguration

display   savedconfiguration

display     interface     vlan-interface    1

display   ip   interface   brief

display   brief   interfaces

display    vlan

display    vlan    1113

display   vlan    all

display    interface    g1/0/6

interface fastethernet     1/0/25

interface    g1/0/6

port     link-type     trunk

port    trunk     permit    vlan    1100    1220

undo shutdown

system-view

display   brief   interfaces

interface  ethernet  1/0/13

port    access   vlan    1301                            (voice vlan)

display   brief   interfaces

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Linux Partition Sizes

A swap partition (2048)

A /boot partition (200)

A / partition
A /var/log partition (2048)
A /var/www partition (2048)

A /boot/ partition (250 MB) A swap partition (at least 256 MB) Root and /root

A root partition (3.0 GB - 5.0 GB)

Swap partitions are used to support virtual memory. In other words, data is written to a swap partition when there is not enough RAM to store the data your system is processing.

4GB of RAM or less................ a minimum of 2GB of swap space

4GB to 16GB of RAM.............. a minimum of 4GB of swap space

16GB to 64GB of RAM.............a minimum of 8GB of swap space

64GB to 256GB of RAM.......... a minimum of 16GB of swap space

256GB to 512GB of RAM........ a minimum of 32GB of swap space

A /boot/ partition (250 MB)

The partition mounted on /boot/ contains the operating system kernel (which allows your system to boot Fedora), along with files used during the bootstrap process. For most users, a 250 MB boot partition is sufficient.

A root partition (3.0 GB - 5.0 GB)

This is where "/" (the root directory) is located. In this setup, all files (except those stored in /boot) are on the root partition.

A 3.0 GB partition allows you to install a minimal installation, while a 5.0 GB root partition lets you perform a full installation, choosing all package groups.

/............... 250 MB

/usr......... 250 MB, but avoid placing this on a separate partition

/tmp........ 50 MB

/var......... 384 MB

/home..... 100 MB

/boot....... 250 MB

The /var directory holds content for a number of applications, including the Apache web server. It also is used to store downloaded update packages on a temporary basis. Ensure that the partition containing the /var directory has enough space to download pending updates and hold your other content.

The /usr directory holds the majority of software content on a Fedora system. For an installation of the default set of software, allocate at least 4 GB of space. If you are a software developer or plan to use your Fedora system to learn software development skills, you may want to at least double this allocation.

The / (or root) partition is the top of the directory structure. The /root directory (sometimes pronounced "slash-root") directory is the home directory of the user account for system administration.

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